Agricultural Monitoring System: Integrating IoT for Modern Agriculture

The Agricultural Monitoring System is a typical application of Internet of Things technology in the agricultural sector. Composed of terminal monitoring devices and a measurement and reporting platform, it enables precise control of agricultural production environments and provides environmental data for modern agricultural production.

The terminal devices consist of four major monitoring modules, each with distinct functions. Meteorological environment monitoring tracks over ten meteorological elements such as air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, rainfall, illuminance, carbon dioxide concentration, PM2.5, and PM10. Real-time monitoring of these elements allows agricultural production to anticipate weather changes, significantly enhancing the ability to cope with natural risks like droughts, heavy rains, and strong winds, and facilitating the transformation of traditional agriculture into an efficient modern industry.

Soil moisture monitoring focuses on soil conditions by collecting data such as soil temperature and humidity, pH value, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. This enables timely detection of soil moisture levels—whether excessive, appropriate, insufficient, or severely deficient. It provides important scientific basis for rational irrigation, water conservation, drought resistance and yield preservation, as well as soil-based fertilization, ensuring that crops grow in a suitable soil environment.

Pest and disease monitoring combines frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps with an IoT measurement and reporting system to form an efficient prevention and control system. Frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps utilize pests' strong tendencies towards light, waves, colors, and sexual pheromones. They set the wavelength, waveband, and frequency of light within specific ranges, using light for short distances and waves for long distances, supplemented by sexual pheromones produced by the pests themselves to lure adult insects to the lamp. A frequency-vibration high-voltage power grid outside the lamp electrocutes the pests, causing them to fall into an insect-receiving bag. Solar-powered automatic insect-cleaning lamps are also equipped with brushing devices, which can intelligently control automatic insect cleaning. The IoT pest situation monitoring and reporting system integrates pest trapping and photographing, environmental information collection, data transmission, and analysis, realizing automated and intelligent pest monitoring, and is applicable to multiple fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, vegetables, tobacco, and tea.

Seedling condition monitoring utilizes audio and video technology. By installing cameras, images are transmitted to the control host via coaxial video cables or wireless routers, allowing managers to check crop growth at any time in the monitoring center or via the internet remotely. This enables timely grasp of crop growth conditions and rapid response to emergencies to reduce losses.

These terminal devices transmit data to the measurement and reporting platform via GPRS/4G or network ports. The platform integrates computer networks, sensors, wireless communication, virtual reality and other technologies to assist farms in transitioning to digital management. Managers can remotely view various data parameters and their changing trends, and carry out diagnostic analysis, intelligent regulation, disaster early warning, production quality traceability and other work. This model optimizes human resource allocation to a certain extent, facilitates flexible adjustment of production plans based on data feedback, creates a good environment for crop growth, and is expected to play a positive role in improving production efficiency and controlling costs. It promotes the steady improvement of farm construction and management levels, enhances the openness and transparency of agricultural product production and distribution links, and provides customers with reliable quality agricultural products with traceable sources.